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Bangholme Investments Pty Ltd v Greater Dandenong CC

Court
Victorian CAT
Jurisdiction
Australia
Decided
2025-04-03
AI tool
Unidentified
Outcome
—
Monetary penalty
None reported

What was hallucinated

Misrepresented: Legal Norm | Alan Hood relied on an AI search that asserted the Council was required to notify objectors; the Tribunal found the AI result 'plainly incorrect' and emphasised Hood had already received proper notification.

Details

Alan Hood relied on an AI search that inferred the Council was required to notify objectors. The Tribunal found that inference 'plainly incorrect', noting Hood had received the requisite notice and should have read the documents; the Tribunal nevertheless exercised discretion to join him.

Sanction teardown · Victorian CAT, Australia · 2025-04-03

Bangholme Investments Pty Ltd v Greater Dandenong CC

What happened

In Victorian CAT, Australia, a filing relied on an unnamed/unconfirmed AI tool to help draft legal argument. The court identified the following problems with the citations in that filing:

  • Misrepresented (Legal Norm)
    Alan Hood relied on an AI search that asserted the Council was required to notify objectors; the Tribunal found the AI result 'plainly incorrect' and emphasised Hood had already received proper notification.

Which AI tool

an unnamed/unconfirmed AI tool. Note: Charlotin's public database records tool attribution only where a court order, brief, or reporting on the matter states it explicitly; "unidentified" or "implied" means the record indicates AI use but does not name a specific product — we do not guess.

Outcome

Not specified in source record.

Additional detail

Alan Hood relied on an AI search that inferred the Council was required to notify objectors. The Tribunal found that inference 'plainly incorrect', noting Hood had received the requisite notice and should have read the documents; the Tribunal nevertheless exercised discretion to join him.

How Citation Safe would have caught this

Citation Safe runs three deterministic layers before a brief is filed: (1) does the citation exist against CourtListener's database of published opinions, (2) if quoted, does that exact language appear in the source, (3) does the cited case actually support the proposition it is cited for. Fabricated case citations fail Layer 1. Fabricated or misattributed quotations fail Layer 2 even when the underlying case is real. Misrepresented holdings — a real case cited for a proposition it does not support — are the target of Layer 3. None of these checks involve asking another language model whether the citation looks right; they are lookups and text-matches against the actual source, which is why a hallucinated citation has to survive a direct lookup against the authoritative source — not another model's opinion — to earn a VERIFIED stamp; our measured false-verify rate is published live at /quality.

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Source: https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1047/Bangholme_Investments_Pty_Ltd_v_Greater_Dandenong_CC_Australia_3_April_2025.pdf, via Damien Charlotin's public AI Hallucination Cases Database (CC0).

Source: https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1047/Bangholme_Investments_Pty_Ltd_v_Greater_Dandenong_CC_Australia_3_April_2025.pdf

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