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Donovan v. Clark County Assessor

Court
Indiana Tax Court
Jurisdiction
USA
Decided
2025-12-22
AI tool
Unidentified
Outcome
Warning
Monetary penalty
None reported

What was hallucinated

Fabricated: Case Law | Pro se litigants cited a non-existent case 'Rawles v. Monroe Cnty. Ass'r, 48T10-1705-TA-00014, slip op. at 5–6 (Ind. Tax Ct. May 13, 2019)'; court could not locate the case and concluded it was an AI hallucination (petitioner admitted using AI). || False Quotes: Case Law | Reply brief quoted language attributed to Piotrowski, O'Donnell, and Westfield Golf that the court found not present in those opinions; court treated these as inaccurate/misgenerated quotations likely produced by AI.

Sanction teardown · Indiana Tax Court, USA · 2025-12-22

Donovan v. Clark County Assessor

What happened

In Indiana Tax Court, USA, a filing relied on an unnamed/unconfirmed AI tool to help draft legal argument. The court identified the following problems with the citations in that filing:

  • Fabricated (Case Law)
    Pro se litigants cited a non-existent case 'Rawles v. Monroe Cnty. Ass'r, 48T10-1705-TA-00014, slip op. at 5–6 (Ind. Tax Ct. May 13, 2019)'; court could not locate the case and concluded it was an AI hallucination (petitioner admitted using AI).
  • False Quotes (Case Law)
    Reply brief quoted language attributed to Piotrowski, O'Donnell, and Westfield Golf that the court found not present in those opinions; court treated these as inaccurate/misgenerated quotations likely produced by AI.

Which AI tool

an unnamed/unconfirmed AI tool. Note: Charlotin's public database records tool attribution only where a court order, brief, or reporting on the matter states it explicitly; "unidentified" or "implied" means the record indicates AI use but does not name a specific product — we do not guess.

Outcome

Warning

How Citation Safe would have caught this

Citation Safe runs three deterministic layers before a brief is filed: (1) does the citation exist against CourtListener's database of published opinions, (2) if quoted, does that exact language appear in the source, (3) does the cited case actually support the proposition it is cited for. Fabricated case citations fail Layer 1. Fabricated or misattributed quotations fail Layer 2 even when the underlying case is real. Misrepresented holdings — a real case cited for a proposition it does not support — are the target of Layer 3. None of these checks involve asking another language model whether the citation looks right; they are lookups and text-matches against the actual source, which is why a hallucinated citation has to survive a direct lookup against the authoritative source — not another model's opinion — to earn a VERIFIED stamp; our measured false-verify rate is published live at /quality.

Check a brief before you file it → · See our live false-verify rate

Source: https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1260/Donovan_v_Clark_County_Assessor_USA_22_December_2025.pdf, via Damien Charlotin's public AI Hallucination Cases Database (CC0).

Source: https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1260/Donovan_v_Clark_County_Assessor_USA_22_December_2025.pdf

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