Sanction teardown · CSJ de Tucumán, Argentina · 2025-11-28
Elías Axel Roberto Rafael s/ Abuso sexual con acceso carnal
What happened
In CSJ de Tucumán, Argentina, a filing relied on an unnamed/unconfirmed AI tool to help draft legal argument. The court identified the following problems with the citations in that filing:
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Fabricated (Case Law)Cited as authority two decisions that do not exist; court found no corresponding rulings on the dates given.
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Fabricated (Case Law)Cited as authority a decision that does not exist; court found no match for the citation or text quoted.
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Misrepresented (Case Law)Asserted that CSJN Fallos 342:1100 supports an acquittal rule in sexual‑assault cases; court found the Fallos reference belongs to a different Telefónica municipal case and the claimed holding is incorrect.
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Misrepresented (Case Law)Relied on two existing provincial decisions (Sent. N.º 108/2024 and 217/2024) but attributed to them the rule that art.119(3) cannot be applied without pericial evidence; court held those decisions do not state that.
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Misrepresented (Case Law)Same misrepresentation regarding another existing decision cited by the defense; court found no support for the asserted proposition in that ruling.
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Fabricated (Case Law)Multiple additional invented case citations and invented panel members repeated across the brief (approximately 20 instances identified by the court).
Which AI tool
an unnamed/unconfirmed AI tool. Note: Charlotin's public database records tool attribution only where a court order, brief, or reporting on the matter states it explicitly; "unidentified" or "implied" means the record indicates AI use but does not name a specific product — we do not guess.
Outcome
Attorney disqualified; Bar referral
Additional detail
"No puede soslayarse, como hecho de gravedad institucional, que la defensa técnica del imputado - en el momento procesal que constituye la última instancia de revisión extraordinaria local- haya presentado un escrito elaborado posiblemente mediante el uso de herramientas de inteligencia artificial, u obtenidos a través de medios no confiables y fidedignos sin ejercer el más mínimo control sobre la veracidad de las citas jurisprudenciales, la autenticidad de las fuentes invocadas ni la coherencia dogmática de los fundamentos empleados.La conducta descripta trasciende el mero error material o descuido profesional: configura un supuesto de negligencia grave incompatible con los deberes de probidad, lealtad y diligencia que rigen la funcióndel abogado defensor.La defensa penal no puede convertirse en unespacio de experimentación de medios y/o tecnologías de manera irresponsable que - aunque de utilidad potencial - requieren un manejo prudente, crítico y siempre supervisado por el criterio humano. El ejercicio de la defensa en juicio, protegido por el art. 18 de la Constitución Nacional y por los instrumentos internacionales con jerarquía constitucional, exige una intervención personal, reflexiva y fundada de quien ejerce la representación técnica. El uso automático y acrítico de un asistente artificial, o la utilización de fuentes con procedencia desconocida para producir un escrito en la instancia recursiva vulnera no solo el deber de diligencia, sino también el derecho del imputado a una defensa real y efectiva."
How Citation Safe would have caught this
Citation Safe runs three deterministic layers before a brief is filed: (1) does the citation exist against CourtListener's database of published opinions, (2) if quoted, does that exact language appear in the source, (3) does the cited case actually support the proposition it is cited for. Fabricated case citations fail Layer 1. Fabricated or misattributed quotations fail Layer 2 even when the underlying case is real. Misrepresented holdings — a real case cited for a proposition it does not support — are the target of Layer 3. None of these checks involve asking another language model whether the citation looks right; they are lookups and text-matches against the actual source, which is why a hallucinated citation has to survive a direct lookup against the authoritative source — not another model's opinion — to earn a VERIFIED stamp; our measured false-verify rate is published live at /quality.
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Source: https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1476/CSJT__Elias_sancion_IA_1.pdf, via Damien Charlotin's public AI Hallucination Cases Database (CC0).