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M Peiu v Hywel Dda University Local Health Board

Court
Employment Tribunal (Swansea)
Jurisdiction
UK
Decided
2025-12-30
AI tool
ChatGPT
Outcome
—
Monetary penalty
None reported

What was hallucinated

Fabricated: Case Law | Claimant relied on multiple case citations produced via ChatGPT in her written submissions but could not provide citations or copies; Tribunal and counsel could not locate them and did not rely on those authorities.

Sanction teardown · Employment Tribunal (Swansea), UK · 2025-12-30

M Peiu v Hywel Dda University Local Health Board

What happened

In Employment Tribunal (Swansea), UK, a filing relied on ChatGPT to help draft legal argument. The court identified the following problems with the citations in that filing:

  • Fabricated (Case Law)
    Claimant relied on multiple case citations produced via ChatGPT in her written submissions but could not provide citations or copies; Tribunal and counsel could not locate them and did not rely on those authorities.

Which AI tool

ChatGPT. Note: Charlotin's public database records tool attribution only where a court order, brief, or reporting on the matter states it explicitly; "unidentified" or "implied" means the record indicates AI use but does not name a specific product — we do not guess.

Outcome

Not specified in source record.

How Citation Safe would have caught this

Citation Safe runs three deterministic layers before a brief is filed: (1) does the citation exist against CourtListener's database of published opinions, (2) if quoted, does that exact language appear in the source, (3) does the cited case actually support the proposition it is cited for. Fabricated case citations fail Layer 1. Fabricated or misattributed quotations fail Layer 2 even when the underlying case is real. Misrepresented holdings — a real case cited for a proposition it does not support — are the target of Layer 3. None of these checks involve asking another language model whether the citation looks right; they are lookups and text-matches against the actual source, which is why a hallucinated citation has to survive a direct lookup against the authoritative source — not another model's opinion — to earn a VERIFIED stamp; our measured false-verify rate is published live at /quality.

Check a brief before you file it → · See our live false-verify rate

Source: https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1668/Pieu_v._Hywel_Dda_University_Local_Health_Board_UK.pdf, via Damien Charlotin's public AI Hallucination Cases Database (CC0).

Source: https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1668/Pieu_v._Hywel_Dda_University_Local_Health_Board_UK.pdf

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