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Nº 0143435-40.2025.8.16.0000

Court
TJ Parana
Jurisdiction
Brazil
Decided
2026-05-08
AI tool
Implied
Outcome
Monetary Fine; Bar Referral
Monetary penalty
3675 BRL

What was hallucinated

Fabricated: Case Law | Agravante cited a non-existent STJ decision 'AgRg no REsp 1.399.464/SP, Rel. Min. Herman Benjamin, j. 11/06/2015'; court's searches found no such judgment and treated the citation as fabricated. || Fabricated: Case Law | Agravante cited 'AgRg no REsp 1.113.403/RS' which the court was unable to locate on official sites and therefore considered nonexistent. || Fabricated: Case Law | Agravante cited 'STJ, AgInt no AREsp 1.619.931/SP' (and related attributions) that the court found do not exist and do not support the recourse's arguments.

Sanction teardown · TJ Parana, Brazil · 2026-05-08

Nº 0143435-40.2025.8.16.0000

What happened

In TJ Parana, Brazil, a filing relied on an unnamed/unconfirmed AI tool to help draft legal argument. The court identified the following problems with the citations in that filing:

  • Fabricated (Case Law)
    Agravante cited a non-existent STJ decision 'AgRg no REsp 1.399.464/SP, Rel. Min. Herman Benjamin, j. 11/06/2015'; court's searches found no such judgment and treated the citation as fabricated.
  • Fabricated (Case Law)
    Agravante cited 'AgRg no REsp 1.113.403/RS' which the court was unable to locate on official sites and therefore considered nonexistent.
  • Fabricated (Case Law)
    Agravante cited 'STJ, AgInt no AREsp 1.619.931/SP' (and related attributions) that the court found do not exist and do not support the recourse's arguments.

Which AI tool

an unnamed/unconfirmed AI tool. Note: Charlotin's public database records tool attribution only where a court order, brief, or reporting on the matter states it explicitly; "unidentified" or "implied" means the record indicates AI use but does not name a specific product — we do not guess.

Outcome

Monetary Fine; Bar Referral (monetary penalty: 3675 BRL.)

How Citation Safe would have caught this

Citation Safe runs three deterministic layers before a brief is filed: (1) does the citation exist against CourtListener's database of published opinions, (2) if quoted, does that exact language appear in the source, (3) does the cited case actually support the proposition it is cited for. Fabricated case citations fail Layer 1. Fabricated or misattributed quotations fail Layer 2 even when the underlying case is real. Misrepresented holdings — a real case cited for a proposition it does not support — are the target of Layer 3. None of these checks involve asking another language model whether the citation looks right; they are lookups and text-matches against the actual source, which is why a hallucinated citation has to survive a direct lookup against the authoritative source — not another model's opinion — to earn a VERIFIED stamp; our measured false-verify rate is published live at /quality.

Check a brief before you file it → · See our live false-verify rate

Source: https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/2879/0143435-40.2025.8.16.0000.pdf, via Damien Charlotin's public AI Hallucination Cases Database (CC0).

Source: https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/2879/0143435-40.2025.8.16.0000.pdf

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