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PRM Group, Inc. v. Paralegal Bootcamp LLC

Court
D. Maryland
Jurisdiction
USA
Decided
2025-12-16
AI tool
Implied
Outcome
Show Cause Order
Monetary penalty
None reported

What was hallucinated

Fabricated: Case Law | Motion to Dismiss contained multiple fictitious case authorities; Plaintiff could not locate nine cited cases and alerted defendants; Court cited 'citation of fictitious legal authority' as grounds for show-cause. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Defendants mischaracterized valid legal authority in the Motion to Dismiss; Court included these misrepresentations in its show-cause order. || Misrepresented: Other | Defendants filed a motion to amend without disclosing the presence of the fictitious citations, which the Court treated as an attempt to mislead the Court about the reason for amendment.

Sanction teardown · D. Maryland, USA · 2025-12-16

PRM Group, Inc. v. Paralegal Bootcamp LLC

What happened

In D. Maryland, USA, a filing relied on an unnamed/unconfirmed AI tool to help draft legal argument. The court identified the following problems with the citations in that filing:

  • Fabricated (Case Law)
    Motion to Dismiss contained multiple fictitious case authorities; Plaintiff could not locate nine cited cases and alerted defendants; Court cited 'citation of fictitious legal authority' as grounds for show-cause.
  • Misrepresented (Case Law)
    Defendants mischaracterized valid legal authority in the Motion to Dismiss; Court included these misrepresentations in its show-cause order.
  • Misrepresented (Other)
    Defendants filed a motion to amend without disclosing the presence of the fictitious citations, which the Court treated as an attempt to mislead the Court about the reason for amendment.

Which AI tool

an unnamed/unconfirmed AI tool. Note: Charlotin's public database records tool attribution only where a court order, brief, or reporting on the matter states it explicitly; "unidentified" or "implied" means the record indicates AI use but does not name a specific product — we do not guess.

Outcome

Show Cause Order

How Citation Safe would have caught this

Citation Safe runs three deterministic layers before a brief is filed: (1) does the citation exist against CourtListener's database of published opinions, (2) if quoted, does that exact language appear in the source, (3) does the cited case actually support the proposition it is cited for. Fabricated case citations fail Layer 1. Fabricated or misattributed quotations fail Layer 2 even when the underlying case is real. Misrepresented holdings — a real case cited for a proposition it does not support — are the target of Layer 3. None of these checks involve asking another language model whether the citation looks right; they are lookups and text-matches against the actual source, which is why a hallucinated citation has to survive a direct lookup against the authoritative source — not another model's opinion — to earn a VERIFIED stamp; our measured false-verify rate is published live at /quality.

Check a brief before you file it → · See our live false-verify rate

Source: https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1683/PRM_Group_v._Paralegal_Bootcamp_USA_16_December_2025.pdf, via Damien Charlotin's public AI Hallucination Cases Database (CC0).

Source: https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1683/PRM_Group_v._Paralegal_Bootcamp_USA_16_December_2025.pdf

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