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Ric. n. 3054/2025

Court
TAR Lombardia
Jurisdiction
Italy
Decided
2025-10-14
AI tool
Unidentified
Outcome
Costs of 1,500 EUR, referral to the bar
Monetary penalty
1500 EUR

What was hallucinated

Fabricated: Case Law | Il ricorso riportava numerosi riferimenti a pronunce giudiziarie non pertinenti o non note; il Collegio segnala che molte massime e richiami risultavano apparentemente inventati dagli strumenti di IA.

Sanction teardown · TAR Lombardia, Italy · 2025-10-14

Ric. n. 3054/2025

What happened

In TAR Lombardia, Italy, a filing relied on an unnamed/unconfirmed AI tool to help draft legal argument. The court identified the following problems with the citations in that filing:

  • Fabricated (Case Law)
    Il ricorso riportava numerosi riferimenti a pronunce giudiziarie non pertinenti o non note; il Collegio segnala che molte massime e richiami risultavano apparentemente inventati dagli strumenti di IA.

Which AI tool

an unnamed/unconfirmed AI tool. Note: Charlotin's public database records tool attribution only where a court order, brief, or reporting on the matter states it explicitly; "unidentified" or "implied" means the record indicates AI use but does not name a specific product — we do not guess.

Outcome

Costs of 1,500 EUR, referral to the bar (monetary penalty: 1500 EUR.)

How Citation Safe would have caught this

Citation Safe runs three deterministic layers before a brief is filed: (1) does the citation exist against CourtListener's database of published opinions, (2) if quoted, does that exact language appear in the source, (3) does the cited case actually support the proposition it is cited for. Fabricated case citations fail Layer 1. Fabricated or misattributed quotations fail Layer 2 even when the underlying case is real. Misrepresented holdings — a real case cited for a proposition it does not support — are the target of Layer 3. None of these checks involve asking another language model whether the citation looks right; they are lookups and text-matches against the actual source, which is why a hallucinated citation has to survive a direct lookup against the authoritative source — not another model's opinion — to earn a VERIFIED stamp; our measured false-verify rate is published live at /quality.

Check a brief before you file it → · See our live false-verify rate

Source: https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/917/ia-TAR-MILANO.pdf, via Damien Charlotin's public AI Hallucination Cases Database (CC0).

Source: https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/917/ia-TAR-MILANO.pdf

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