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Stelian Gheorghe v (1) BSA Ahmad Bin Hezeem & Associates LLP (2) Jimmy Haoula

Court
DIFC Court of First Instance
Jurisdiction
UAE
Decided
2025-10-28
AI tool
Implied
Outcome
Adverse costs order
Monetary penalty
None reported

What was hallucinated

Fabricated: Case Law | Witness statement filed (by Mr Robert Kravitz) contained non-existent authorities identified by the Defendants; Court noted these were serious errors. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Claimant relied on Fiona Trust but attributed a proposition to it that the Court found absent from the case. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Claimant relied on DNB Bank ASA v Gulf Eyadah for a proposition the Court found not present in that authority.

Sanction teardown · DIFC Court of First Instance, UAE · 2025-10-28

Stelian Gheorghe v (1) BSA Ahmad Bin Hezeem & Associates LLP (2) Jimmy Haoula

What happened

In DIFC Court of First Instance, UAE, a filing relied on an unnamed/unconfirmed AI tool to help draft legal argument. The court identified the following problems with the citations in that filing:

  • Fabricated (Case Law)
    Witness statement filed (by Mr Robert Kravitz) contained non-existent authorities identified by the Defendants; Court noted these were serious errors.
  • Misrepresented (Case Law)
    Claimant relied on Fiona Trust but attributed a proposition to it that the Court found absent from the case.
  • Misrepresented (Case Law)
    Claimant relied on DNB Bank ASA v Gulf Eyadah for a proposition the Court found not present in that authority.

Which AI tool

an unnamed/unconfirmed AI tool. Note: Charlotin's public database records tool attribution only where a court order, brief, or reporting on the matter states it explicitly; "unidentified" or "implied" means the record indicates AI use but does not name a specific product — we do not guess.

Outcome

Adverse costs order

How Citation Safe would have caught this

Citation Safe runs three deterministic layers before a brief is filed: (1) does the citation exist against CourtListener's database of published opinions, (2) if quoted, does that exact language appear in the source, (3) does the cited case actually support the proposition it is cited for. Fabricated case citations fail Layer 1. Fabricated or misattributed quotations fail Layer 2 even when the underlying case is real. Misrepresented holdings — a real case cited for a proposition it does not support — are the target of Layer 3. None of these checks involve asking another language model whether the citation looks right; they are lookups and text-matches against the actual source, which is why a hallucinated citation has to survive a direct lookup against the authoritative source — not another model's opinion — to earn a VERIFIED stamp; our measured false-verify rate is published live at /quality.

Check a brief before you file it → · See our live false-verify rate

Source: https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1271/Stelian_Gheorghe_v_1_BSA_Ahmad_Bin_Hezeem__Associates_UK_28_October_2025.pdf, via Damien Charlotin's public AI Hallucination Cases Database (CC0).

Source: https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1271/Stelian_Gheorghe_v_1_BSA_Ahmad_Bin_Hezeem__Associates_UK_28_October_2025.pdf

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